A study by VPN provider Surfshark found that Meta's apps are the most data-hungry among major tech companies, collecting an average of 25 out of 35 possible data types, compared to just seven or eight for Apple and Microsoft apps. Google was also a significant offender, accounting for 29 of the 40 most data-collecting apps examined. The research, based on developer-submitted privacy disclosures in Apple's App Store rather than independent observation, analysed 171 iOS apps across Meta, Google, Apple, Microsoft, and Amazon.